Research - Dilution / Water
A multicentric randomized clinical trial of homoeopathic medicines in fifty millesimal potencies vis-à -vis centesimal potencies on symptomatic uterine fibroids
Praveen Oberai1, B Indira2, Roja Varanasi3, Padmalaya Rath4, Bindu Sharma1, Arti Soren5, K. S. V Bharatha Laxmi6, Anita Sharma2,Pratima Devi7, Maya Padmanabhan1, Vikram Singh1, Chaturbhuja Nayak1
Abstract
Objective: The primary objective was to evaluate the effects of homoeopathic medicines in fifty millesimal (LM) potencies vis-à -vis centesimal (CH) potencies on symptomatic uterine fibroids.
Materials and Methods: A multicentric randomized clinical trial was conducted at six centers under the Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy. Patients were screened for symptomatic uterine fibroids with the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. A consultant specialized in obstetrics and gynecology was engaged at each center to screen and follow-up the enrolled patients. Homoeopathic physicians engaged in the study were responsible for prescription and follow up for 12 months. The primary outcome was changes in symptoms of uterine fibroid on a visual analog scale (VAS) of 0–10 and findings through ultrasonography (USG) between LM and CH potencies. The secondary outcome was to assess the changes in uterine fibroid symptom quality of life questionnaire (UFSQOL). Data analysis was done as per intention to treat (ITT) analysis.
Results: Of 216 patients enrolled in the study (LM: 108 and CH: 108), 209 patients were analyzed under modified ITT (LM: 106, CH: 103). Both LM and CH potencies were equally effective in reducing the symptoms (percentage change) due to uterine fibroid on VAS scale after 1 year of treatment (P > 0.05). The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and subdomains of UFSQOL also showed equal effectiveness in both the groups (P = 0.05). However, no difference was observed in all the USG findings except for uterine volume (P = 0.03). There was overall difference before and after homoeopathic treatment irrespective of assigned groups, i.e., LM or CH (P < 0.05) in all the above parameters. The medicines frequently prescribed were: Pulsatilla, Sulphur, Lycopodium, Sepia, Phosphorus, Calcarea carbonica, andNatrum muriaticum.
Conclusion: LM and CH potencies are equally effective in giving symptomatic relief to patients suffering from symptomatic uterine fibroids.
Source : Intl Journal of Research in Homeopathy
Link to Full Article
Transduction of DNA information through water and electromagnetic waves
Luc Montagniera,b, Emilio Del Giudicec,∗ , Jamal A¨ıssab , Claude Lavalleea , Steven Motschwillerd , Antonio Capolupoe,f , Albino Polcarig , Paola Romanog,h, Alberto Tedeschii , and Giuseppe Vitielloe,f a World Foundation for AIDS research and Prevention (UNESCO), Paris, France b Nanectis Biotechnologies, S.A. 98 rue Albert Calmette, F78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France c Sezione INFN, I-20122 Milano, Italy (retired) and Centro Studi Eva Reich, Via Colletta, 55, I-20122 Milano, Italy d Chronix Biomedical, GmbH, Goetheallee, 8, 37073 G¨ottingen, Germany e Dipartimento di Fisica E.R.Caianiello Universit´a di Salerno, Fisciano (SA) - 84084, Italy f INFN Gruppo collegato di Salerno, Fisciano (SA) - 84084, Italy g Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Universit´a del Sannio, Benevento - 82100, Italy h SPIN-CNR, Universit´a di Salerno, Fisciano (SA) - 84084, Italy and i WHITE Holographic Bioresonance, Via F. Petrarca, 16, I-20123 Milano, Italy
The experimental conditions by which electromagnetic signals (EMS) of low frequency can be emitted by diluted aqueous solutions of some bacterial and viral DNAs are described. That the recorded EMS and nanostructures induced in water carry the DNA information (sequence) is shown by retrieval of that same DNA by classical PCR amplification using the TAQ polymerase, including both primers and nucleotides. Moreover, such a transduction process has also been observed in living human cells exposed to EMS irradiation. These experiments suggest that coherent long range molecular interaction must be at work in water so to allow the observed features. The quantum field theory analysis of the phenomenon is presented.
INTRODUCTION This paper is an overview of what we have achieved during the past ten years in this new field of Biology: the role of water memory and electromagnetic waves in biological processes, including pathological conditions. The reported data is not only of theoretical interest, but leads to many medical applications. This work could not have been done and analyzed without the constant interaction of biologists and physicists. The quantum field theoretical analysis of the phenomenon points to the crucial role played by coherent molecular dynamics.
Source arcxiv.org
Link to Full Article
Variation in free and bound water molecules in different homeopathic potencies as revealed by their Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
Indrani Chakraborty 1,3, Soumita Datta 3, Anirban Sukul 3,4, Rathin Chakravarty 3, Nirmal C. Sukul 2,3,4
1 Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar College for Women, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
2 Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
3 Molecular Homeopathy Research Unit, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
4 Sukul Institute of Homeopathic Research, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
Abstract
Homeopathic potencies 12cH and above cross the Avogadro number, and as such do not contain any original drug molecules in their aqueous ethanol medium. It is thought H-bonded water structures preserved by ethanol carry the information of initial drug molec
ules. Potentized drugs show some differences with respect to their infrared (IR) absorption spectra. In a water-ethanol
solution, free water molecules vary according to the concentration of ethanol. In the present study
the concentration of ethanol has been kept constant at 0.03 molar fractions in 6 different homeopathic potencies.
Aim: to see whether different homeopathic potencies having fixed ethanol content show variation in FTIR spectra and also free water molecules. Two potencies like 8cH and 32cH of three homeopathic drugs Natrum mur, Cantharis and Nux vomica were used in the
study, and their ethanol concentration was kept fixed at 0.03 molar fraction. The control was considered to be aqueous ethanol at the same concentration. Spectrum of reference water was also taken. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra were obtained in the wave
number region of 4000–2800 cm-1. The half-width at half-maximum was measured for each spectrum. The intensity of each spectrum was normalized at 3410 cm - 1 close to the peak. The difference spectrum (absorbance of drug solution–absorbance of reference water) for each drug and the control was obtained. FTIR spectra showed variation in absorbance intensity on both the high and low frequency
side of the O-H stretching band in different drugs as well as the control. The C-H stretching band of 2977 cm-1 also showed variation in intensity in different drugs. In the difference spectra the absorbance intensity at the dip at 3630 cm-1 varied in different drugs and
the control. The decrease in intensity at 3630 cm-1 and subsequent rise in intensity at lower frequency region represent the level of free water molecules and strong alcoholic O-H band around 3250 cm-1, respectively. The drug and the control solutions show distinct variation in their FTIR spectra. The drugs have different levels of bound and free water molecules although their ethanol concentration is same
Source : Int J High Dilution
Link to Full Article
Scientific plausible mechanism of action of ‘potentised high dilutions’ in homeopathy
Dr Nancy Malik BHMS
Abstract
How ‘super-avogadro dilutions’ in homeopathy stimulate the biological activity and restore the homeostatic mechanism?
Memory of Unique Water structure, Potentisation, Quantum Macro Entanglement Model, Corporeal Signifiers
Key Persons: Jacques Benveniste, G S Anagnostatos, Elia Vittorio, Rustom Roy, Harald Walach, Luc Montagnier, Prashant S Chikramane, Wolfgang Ludwig
The probability of finding one molecule of the n molecules of the original substance above avogadro limit is extremely small, but not zero. ‘Super-Avogadro’s dilutions’ [15]/’potentised high dilutions’ [12] are aqueous solutions diluted above avogadro limit. The problem is baffling because they cannot be detected in blood samples so cannot be monitored inside the body easily.
The avogadro limit for potentisation is 23X/12C/LM4. Potencies upto 23X/12C/LM4 contains bulk concentration (molecules) of the source material. In 1805, Hahnemann crossed Avogadro limit (avogadro limit was unknown at that time, it was discovered only in 1860), potency 18c appears for the first time. Homeopaths have been demonstrating the efficacy of ‘potentised high dilutions’ [15] in their clinical practice since 1805. To test their efficacy, a german homeopath Johann Jacob Reuter invented Double Blind Randomised Placebo Controlled Trial in 1835 where Natrum Mur 30c was tested. But the trial result comes out to be negative.
The Research was revived and has gained momentum from 1988 onwards when paper in evidence of homeopathy appeared in journal ‘Nature’. Since then researchers and scientists all over the world are trying to figure out how ‘super-avogadro dilutions’ of homeopathic medicines which contains extremely low concentration of active ingredients are able to stimulate biological activity (immunological and inflammatory reactivity), modulates specific genome expression patterns and restore the homeostatic mechanism (read vital force) of the living organism to boost the immunity and put the body on self-healing mode.
Link to Full Article
NMR water proton relaxation in unheated and heated ultrahigh aqueous dilutions of histamine: Evidence for an air-dependent supramolecular organization of water
Jean-Louis Demangeat !
Nuclear Medicine Department, General Hospital, Haguenau, France
Abstract
We measured 20-MHz R1 and R2 water proton NMR relaxation rates in ultrahigh dilutions (range 5.43·10−8 M–5.43·10−48 M) of histamine inwater (Hist-W) and in saline (Hist-Sal), prepared by iterative centesimal dilutions under vigorous agitation in controlled atmospheric conditions. Water and saline were similarly and
simultaneously treated, as controls. The samples were immediately sealed in the NMR tubes after preparation,
and then code-labelled. Six independent series of preparations were performed, representing about 7000 blind measurements. R2 exhibited a very broad scatter of values in both native histamine dilutions and solvents. No variation in R1 and R2 was observed in the solvents submitted to the iterative dilution/agitation process. By contrast, histamine dilutions exhibited slightly higher R1 values than solvents at lowdilution, followed by a slow progressive return to the values of the solvents at high dilution. Unexpectedly, histamine dilutions remained distinguishable fromsolvents up to ultrahigh levels of dilution (beyond 10−20 in Hist-Sal). A signi!cant increase in R2 with increased R2/R1was observed in Hist-W. R1 and R2were linearly correlated in solvents, but uncorrelated in histamine dilutions. After a 10-min heating/cooling cycle of the samples in their sealedNMR tubes (preventing any modi!cation of the chemical composition and gas content), all of the relaxation variations observed as a function of dilution vanished, the R2/R1 ratio and the scatter of the R2 values dropped in all solutions and solvents, and the correlation between R1 and R2 reappeared in the Hist-W samples. All these results pointed to a more organized state of water in the unheated samples, more pronounced in histamine solutions than in solvents, dependent on the level of dilution. Itwas suggested that stable supramolecular structures, involving nanobubbles of atmospheric gases and highly ordered water around them, were generated during the vigorous mechanical agitation step of the preparation, and destroyed after heating. Histamine molecules might act as nucleation centres, amplifying the phenomenon which was thus detected at high dilution levels.
Source : Journal of Molecular Liquids via Similima.com
Link to Full Article
Identification of Medicinally Active Ingredient in Ultradiluted Digitalis purpurea: Fluorescence Spectroscopic and Cyclic-Voltammetric Study
Anup Sharma 1 ,* and Bulbul Purkait 2
Abstract
Serially diluted and agitated (SAD) drugs available commercially are in use with great faith because of the astonishing results they produce. The scientific viewpoint attached to the centuries-old therapy with SAD drugs, as in homeopathy, remained doubtful for want of appropriate research and insufficient evidence base. The conflicting points related to SAD drug mostly related to the level of concentrations/dilutions, use of drug in contradictory clinical conditions compared to the modern system of medicine, identification of medicinally active ingredient in concentrations and dilutions used in commercially available SAD drugs, and lack of laboratory-based pharmacological data vis-à-vis modern medicine. Modus operandi of SAD drug is also unknown. To address some of these issues an analytical study was carried out wherein commercially available SAD drug Digitalis purpurea, commonly used in different systems of medicine, was put to test. Various concentrations of commercially available Digitalis purpurea were analyzed using analytical methods: cyclic voltammetry, emission spectroscopy, and UV-VIS spectroscopy. These analytical methods apparently identified the medicinal ingredients and effect of serial dilution in commercial preparation of the drugs.
Source :Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry
Link to Full Article
Water the Magic Liquid: Retaining Electrical Energy
Author: Ruhul Amin and Biplab Chakraborty
To help solve the mystery of homeopathy, the authors perform experiments demonstrating the ability of pure water to hold an electric charge.
Overview: This is the 6th paper to resolve the mystery of Homeopathy scientifically. In our previous works we have explained that each Homeopathic medicine is different from each other and every potency of a medicine is also different, in respect to the electrical energy content of water5. In those papers it is shown that whenever any substance is introduced into water, it produces a strain, due to which dipoles of water molecules are forced to rearrange themselves thus this water becomes different from any other water in respect of its electrical energy content4.
Abstract: Whenever two electrodes are placed in a beaker containing pure /distilled water it generates emf. Here we have applied some external emf to the electrodes in water and have got some remarkable changes in its generation of emf, after removal of the external source of emf. From our experiments it is obvious that there is a change in water from passing an external emf, as there is hardly any possibility of changes in electrode pairs on passing of external emf . By now it is crystal clear that electrical energy is solely responsible for causing changes in water, which is again the main criteria to differentiate various Homeopathic Medicines. In other words, water can hold electrical energy.
Source : Hpathy
Link to full article
Effects of high-dilutions in behavioural models: a commentary on critical issues, from reproducibility to plausibility
Paolo Bellavite1, Paolo Magnani1, Anita Conforti2,
Marta Marzotto1, Elisabetta Zanolin2
[1] Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona
[2] Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy
ABSTRACT
As part of a rigorous investigation into the effects of Gelsemium sempervirens on laboratory mice, we performed two complete series of experiments and published three scientific papers. A recent commentary has, however, called into question the reproducibility and validity of these findings. In this article we discuss the major issues raised by this critique within the framework of methodological aspects and the interpretation of results of high-dilution and homeopathic research. The charge of non-reproducibility is shown to be unfounded, because a same homeopathic medicine displayed the same direction of effects in two well-validated models (light-dark and open-field), albeit with nonlinear patterns. The double-blind protocols and statistics by means of ANOVA were performed appropriately and the difference between dilutions of Gelsemium (5cH, 7cH, 9cH and 30cH with variations according to model) and placebo was statistically highly significant. Our investigations brought to light some problems related with the lack of activity of buspirone and diazepam (conventional anxiolytic drugs used as control) on some behavioural parameters, suggesting that Gelsemium may have broader action, and raising doubts as to the reliability of benzodiazepines as positive controls for homeopathic treatments. Concerning the plausibility of experiments in this field, disputed on the grounds of alleged lack of dose-response effect, we note that the latter is not at all uncommon, and can be accounted for by a host of possible reasons. In conclusion, our research line showed reproducible and consistent effects of Gelsemium in laboratory mice.
Source : Int J High Dilution Res 2011; 10(37): 325-337
Link to Full Article
NEW PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF EXTREMELY DILUTED AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
V. Elia* and M. Niccoli
Department of Chemistry, University ‘Federico II’ of Naples, Complesso Universitario di Monte
S. Angelo, via Cintia 80126 Naples, Italy
Abstract
The ‘extremely diluted solutions’ are anomalous solutions obtained through the iteration of two pro-
cesses: a dilution 1:100 in mass and a succussion. The iteration is repeated until extreme dilutions
are reached (less than 1×10–5 mol kg–1) to the point that we may call the resulting solution an ‘ex-
tremely diluted solution’, namely the composition of the solution is identical to that of the solvent
used (e.g. twice distilled water). We conducted thermodynamic and transport measurements of the
solutions and of the interaction of those solutions with acids or bases. The purpose of this study is to
obtain information about the influence of successive dilutions and succussions on the water structure
of the solutions under study. We measured the heats of mixing of acid or basic solutions with such
‘extremely diluted solutions’, their electrical conductivity and pH, comparing with the analogous
heats of mixing, electrical conductivity and pH of the solvent. We found some relevant exothermic
excess heats of mixing, higher electrical conductivity and pH than those of the untreated solvent.
The measurements show a good correlation between independent physico-chemical parameters.
Care was taken to take into account the effect of chemical impurities deriving from the glass con-
tainers. Here we thus show that successive dilutions and succussions can permanently alter the
physico-chemical properties of the water solvent. The nature of the phenomena here described still
remains unexplained, nevertheless some significant experimental results were obtained.
Source : Dr. Nancy Malik Documents
Link to Full Article